Star Maidens is a British-German science-fiction television series created and written by Eric Paice. Utilising a 'battle of the sexes' and role reversal scenario, the planet Medusa, home to a highly evolved and technologically advanced humanoid race, was already ruled by its women when a rogue comet (as seen in the opening credits) knocked it out of its orbit around Proxima Centauri. Drifting through space, the orphan planet's surface became uninhabitable, with the inhabitants surviving in huge underground cities.

Jointly produced by Portman Productions, Scottish Television, and Werbung im Rundfunk for ITV, filming took place at Bray Studios and on location in Windsor and Bracknell, Berkshire, and Black Park, Buckinghamshire. The series ran for 13 episodes from 1 September to 1 December 1976.